ATmega328P Microcontroller

The ATmega328P is a high-performance 8-bit AVR microcontroller developed by Atmel (now Microchip Technology). It is one of the most popular AVR microcontrollers and is widely known as the core controller used in Arduino Uno boards.

The microcontroller is based on Harvard architecture with a RISC instruction set, allowing most instructions to execute in a single clock cycle. The “P” suffix indicates picoPower technology, which ensures low power consumption, making it suitable for battery-powered and energy-efficient applications.

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Features

• 8-bit AVR RISC CPU
• Operating voltage:
• 1.8 V – 5.5 V
• Maximum clock frequency:
• Up to 20 MHz
• Program memory:
• 32 KB Flash
• Data memory:
• 2 KB SRAM
• 1 KB EEPROM
• I/O pins:
• 23 programmable digital I/O pins
• Timers/Counters:
• Two 8-bit timers
• One 16-bit timer with PWM
• Analog features:
• 10-bit ADC with up to 6 channels (DIP) / 8 channels (SMD)
• Communication interfaces:
• USART
• SPI
• I²C (TWI)
• PWM outputs
• Interrupt system
• Watchdog Timer (WDT)
• Low-power sleep modes: Idle, Power-save, Power-down, Standby
• In-System Programming (ISP)
• Available packages: DIP-28 and SMD (TQFP-32, QFN)

Applications

• Arduino-based development boards
• Embedded control systems
• Home and industrial automation
• Sensor interfacing and data acquisition
• Robotics and IoT devices
• Motor control applications
• Consumer electronics
• Educational and student projects